Rethinking The "Local" in Labour Markets: The Consequences of Cultural Embeddedness in a Philippine Growth Zone     

Philip F. Kelly 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1999,20(1):56-75

This paper contributes to recent geographical studies of local labour markets in three ways. First, it highlights the distinctive labour market processes occurring in an industrialising setting in the Philippines to complement existing studies that have tended to focus on "restructuring" contexts in the west. Second, it shows how labour markets are embedded not just in processes of institutional and social regulation, but also in the transformation of the culture of work that accompanies industrialisation in an agricultural setting. Thus, while a significant feature of the local labour market in the municipality of Tanza (Province of Cavite) is a shortage of labour in the agricultural sector, this cannot be explained solely by the massive shift of a young workforce into non-agricultural activities. It must also be understood in the context of changes found in youth culture and conceptions of work. The result is that the availability of labour for agriculture dries up even if the supply of labour, in a literal sense, is adequate for its needs. Third, a significant process operating in this "local" labour market is the extraction of labour for temporary overseas work. This suggests that local labour markets should be conceived not just on the basis of geographical contiguity, but also in the "networked space" of households functioning across very large distances.  相似文献   

Fuzzy logic control of bridge structures using intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems     

Michael D. Symans  Steven W. Kelly 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(1):37-60

Passive supplemental damping in a seismically isolated structure provides the necessary energy dissipation to limit the isolation system displacement. However, damper forces can become quite large as the passive damping level is increased, resulting in the requirement to transfer large forces at the damper connections to the structure which may be particularly difficult to accommodate in retrofit applications. One method to limit the level of damping force while simultaneously controlling the isolation system displacement is to utilize an intelligent hybrid isolation system containing semi-active dampers in which the damping coeffic ient can be modulated. The effectiveness of such a hybrid seismic isolation system for earthquake hazard mitigation is investigated in this paper. The system is examined through an analytical and computational study of the seismic response of a bridge structure containing a hybrid isolation system consisting of elastomeric bearings and semi-active dampers. Control algorithms for operation of the semi-active dampers are developed based on fuzzy logic control theory. Practical limits on the response of the isolation system are considered and utilized in the evaluation of the control algorithms. The results of the study show that both passive and semi-active hybrid seismic isolation systems consisting of combined base isolation bearings and supplemental energy dissipation devices can be beneficial in reducing the seismic response of structures. These hybrid systems may prevent or significantly reduce structural damage during a seismic event. Furthermore, it is shown that intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems are capable of controlling the peak deck displacement of bridges, and thus reducing the required length of expansion joints, while simultaneously limiting peak damper forces. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Book Review: Passive Energy Dissipation Systems in Structural Engineering,by T. T. Soong and G. F. Dargush,Wiley, Chichester,ISBN: 0-471-96821-8, No. of pages: 356     

James M. Kelly 《地震工程与结构动力学》1998,27(7):771-771

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Microplastic Contamination in Karst Groundwater Systems     

Samuel V. Panno  Walton R. Kelly  John Scott  Wei Zheng  Rachel E. McNeish  Nancy Holm  Timothy J. Hoellein  Elizabeth L. Baranski 《Ground water》2019,57(2):189-196

Groundwater in karst aquifers constitutes about 25% of drinking water sources globally. Karst aquifers are open systems, susceptible to contamination by surface-borne pollutants. In this study, springs and wells from two karst aquifers in Illinois, USA, were found to contain microplastics and other anthropogenic contaminants. All microplastics were fibers, with a maximum concentration of 15.2 particles/L. The presence of microplastic was consistent with other parameters, including phosphate, chloride and triclosan, suggesting septic effluent as a source. More studies are needed on microplastic sources, abundance, and impacts on karst ecosystems.  相似文献   

Mapping valley bottom confinement at the network scale     

Gary R. O'Brien  Joseph M. Wheaton  Kirstie Fryirs  William W. Macfarlane  Gary Brierley  Kelly Whitehead  Jordan Gilbert  Carol Volk 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(9):1828-1845

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